move old files to a separate directory

old_curriculum/error_handling/errorsn.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+// errorsn.rs
+// This is a bigger error exercise than the previous ones!
+// You can do it! :)
+//
+// Edit the `read_and_validate` function so that it compiles and
+// passes the tests... so many things could go wrong!
+//
+// - Reading from stdin could produce an io::Error
+// - Parsing the input could produce a num::ParseIntError
+// - Validating the input could produce a CreationError (defined below)
+//
+// How can we lump these errors into one general error? That is, what
+// type goes where the question marks are, and how do we return
+// that type from the body of read_and_validate?
+//
+// Scroll down for hints :)
+
+use std::error;
+use std::fmt;
+use std::io;
+
+// PositiveNonzeroInteger is a struct defined below the tests.
+fn read_and_validate(b: &mut io::BufRead) -> Result<PositiveNonzeroInteger, ???> {
+    let mut line = String::new();
+    b.read_line(&mut line);
+    let num: i64 = line.trim().parse();
+    let answer = PositiveNonzeroInteger::new(num);
+    answer
+}
+
+// This is a test helper function that turns a &str into a BufReader.
+fn test_with_str(s: &str) -> Result<PositiveNonzeroInteger, Box<error::Error>> {
+    let mut b = io::BufReader::new(s.as_bytes());
+    read_and_validate(&mut b)
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_success() {
+    let x = test_with_str("42\n");
+    assert_eq!(PositiveNonzeroInteger(42), x.unwrap());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_not_num() {
+    let x = test_with_str("eleven billion\n");
+    assert!(x.is_err());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_non_positive() {
+    let x = test_with_str("-40\n");
+    assert!(x.is_err());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_ioerror() {
+    struct Broken;
+    impl io::Read for Broken {
+        fn read(&mut self, _buf: &mut [u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
+            Err(io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::BrokenPipe, "uh-oh!"))
+        }
+    }
+    let mut b = io::BufReader::new(Broken);
+    assert!(read_and_validate(&mut b).is_err());
+    assert_eq!("uh-oh!", read_and_validate(&mut b).unwrap_err().to_string());
+}
+
+#[derive(PartialEq,Debug)]
+struct PositiveNonzeroInteger(u64);
+
+impl PositiveNonzeroInteger {
+    fn new(value: i64) -> Result<PositiveNonzeroInteger, CreationError> {
+        if value == 0 {
+            Err(CreationError::Zero)
+        } else if value < 0 {
+            Err(CreationError::Negative)
+        } else {
+            Ok(PositiveNonzeroInteger(value as u64))
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_positive_nonzero_integer_creation() {
+    assert!(PositiveNonzeroInteger::new(10).is_ok());
+    assert_eq!(Err(CreationError::Negative), PositiveNonzeroInteger::new(-10));
+    assert_eq!(Err(CreationError::Zero), PositiveNonzeroInteger::new(0));
+}
+
+#[derive(PartialEq,Debug)]
+enum CreationError {
+    Negative,
+    Zero,
+}
+
+impl fmt::Display for CreationError {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        f.write_str((self as &error::Error).description())
+    }
+}
+
+impl error::Error for CreationError {
+    fn description(&self) -> &str {
+        match *self {
+            CreationError::Negative => "Negative",
+            CreationError::Zero => "Zero",
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// First hint: To figure out what type should go where the ??? is, take a look
+// at the test helper function `test_with_str`, since it returns whatever
+// `read_and_validate` returns and`test_with_str` has its signature fully
+// specified.
+
+// Next hint: There are three places in `read_and_validate` that we call a
+// function that returns a `Result` (that is, the functions might fail).
+// Wrap those calls in a `try!` macro call so that we return immediately from
+// `read_and_validate` if those function calls fail.
+
+// Another hint: under the hood, the `try!` macro calls `From::from`
+// on the error value to convert it to a boxed trait object, a Box<error::Error>,
+// which is polymorphic-- that means that lots of different kinds of errors
+// can be returned from the same function because all errors act the same
+// since they all implement the `error::Error` trait.
+// Check out this section of the book:
+// https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/book/error-handling.html#standard-library-traits-used-for-error-handling
+
+// Another another hint: Note that because the `try!` macro returns
+// the *unwrapped* value in the `Ok` case, if we want to return a `Result` from
+// `read_and_validate` for *its* success case, we'll have to rewrap a value
+// that we got from the return value of a `try!` call in an `Ok`-- this will
+// look like `Ok(something)`.
+
+// Another another another hint: `Result`s must be "used", that is, you'll
+// get a warning if you don't handle a `Result` that you get in your
+// function. Read more about that in the `std::result` module docs:
+// https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/result/#results-must-be-used